The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay - 1753 Words

Racism is a social construct that has plagued America since its conception and is something that continues to do so to this day. In America’s earliest times racism presented itself in the concept of slavery. When that was abolished it presented itself in the Jim Crow Laws and separate but equal. Today racism presents itself in more discreet, sinister ways like mass incarceration, or the recent rash of police shooting of unarmed black teenagers. However, the most sinister way that racism affects us today and the way it infects those in Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye is the importance that is placed on the all-American family and how this excludes African Americans. Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye details how American ideals often contradict with the reality of what goes on in America and how vast the difference is between the two especially when it comes to race. In The Bluest Eye there are two principle families there is the Breedlove family, and then there is the family of the narrator, Claudia. Both the families were black, they were of the same socioeconomic status, they lived in the same area, and they both were grappling with the Eurocentric ideas of beauty that presented itself in the 1940s. However, there is one principle difference, while Claudia’s family is filled with love, support, and the overall care that is expected in a family dynamic, the Breedloves have none of this. Claudia had a mother who took care of her when she was sick, a father who was outragedShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols which are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. Toni Morrison was also stating that people also use social class to separate themselves from others and apart from race; social class is one thing Pauline and Geraldine admire.Claudia, Pecola, and Frieda are affected by not only their own social status, but others social status too - for exampleRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and id eals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1103 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denialRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of children’s lives around the wo rld.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliated

The, R B And Jazz Singers - 1442 Words

â€Å"Rage to Survive, The Etta James Story† as told by Etta James, and written by David Ritz, is a biographical telling of the history of the soul singer who, through a series of crashes and comebacks, became one of the most famous blues, RB and jazz singers in history. Born in Los Angeles, California, Etta James, or as a young child known as Jamesetta Hawkins, was born January 25th, 1938 to Ms. Dorothy Hawkins who was just fourteen, and an absent father. This is a solidified fact, the place and date of birth and the woman Jamesetta was born to. However, this is the only question that could be answered about her life with certainty. It would take a lot of writing to try and explain every piece of the puzzle, Jamesetta had a complex,†¦show more content†¦When Mama passed away during Jamesetta’s preteen years, her whole world completely flipped, and she lost touch with the safe lifestyle Mama had built for her. Being some what of a local celebrity, singers who w ould come to L.A. began to enter her life, and in a nut shell, she grew up much quicker than her time. Dorothy, still coming in and out of her life, stopped causing her fear, but curiosity. The more notice Jamesetta got for her voice, and the more people from the industry that involved themselves in her life, the more curious she got for this lifestyle that Dorothy had, which was wildly similar to that of those in the industry. â€Å"†¦she lead this mysterious nightlife that, to me, seemed fearless-going out to dangerous places with dangerous people. Dangers and fears and excitement all ran together in my mind† (p.14). She suddenly would want to stay with her mother on her wild nights, and do things like her and observe the behavior. She tried to please her mother in that way, though she never could. Her mother never bat an eyelash in her direction. She dropped out of school and started to hit the road with other singers, playing small town gigs, getting her name out the re. At fifteen, she met Johnny Otis, who took her in, â€Å"discovered her† and started to put her name in lights. But with a name like Jamesetta, you picture a young girl with chubby cheeks, which is really what she still was. But the pressure to shed that exterior was high, and it was whenShow MoreRelatedMusic Genres826 Words   |  4 Pagesand blues tells a story of heart ache, finding love and being very emotional. However, both are emotional nonetheless. Despite some differences on the surface, gospel music and RB are actually lot alike in the sense they constantly reinvent themselves and continue to grow worldwide. Gospel music is very soulful just like RB and can make you feel good and take you to other place when you hear the music. Gospel can reach a very large audience because there is no style restriction when it comes to thisRead MoreThe Impact Of Ray Charles On American Culture1164 Words   |  5 Pages The impact that Ray Charles has had on American culture is nearly indescribable. Although unable to see, he was successful in making his artistic visions come to life by fusing the sounds of blues, gospel, jazz, and RB, making him one of the leading soul artists of the 1950s. The legendary musician is recognized for being a pillar in the industry, credited with making strides in desegregating musical genres. Although he composed many of his early hits, Charles is considered to be an interpreterRead MoreOrigins Of Today s Music1546 Words   |  7 PagesToday s Music While blues and jazz are musically different, they play a similar role in the in the musical genres that is heard today. Today, music is divided into many genres such as hip-hop, easy listening, country, rock and roll or classic rock, etc. Pure blues or jazz is hardly thought of, as those two genres are not heard as often in today’s music. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the difference between blues and jazz music. Blues and jazz are musical genres, or stylesRead MoreImpact of Rhythm and Blues on African-American Culture Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesRhythm and blues, also known today as â€Å"R B†, has been one of the most influential genres of music within the African American Culture, and has evolved over many decades in style and sound. Emerging in the late 1940s rhythm and blues, sometimes called jump blues, became dominant black popular music during and after WWII. Rhythm and blues artists often sung about love, relationships, life troubles, and sometimes focused on segregation and race struggles. Rhythm and blues helped embody what was uniqueRead MoreMost Influential Jazz Singer, Billie Holiday693 Words   |  3 Pagescultural movement specifically in creative arts such as music and literature. Jazz represented the flavor and zest of African American culture in the 1920s-1940s. Bi llie Holiday had a great impact on the Harlem Renaissance because she was one of the most influential jazz singers of all time. She performed with other great jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Teddy Wilson, Jo Jones, and Henry Allen. Her career as a jazz singer was an incredible and thriving one, however, it was shortened because ofRead MoreEssay about Ray Charles Robinson1095 Words   |  5 Pagesborn in the southern city of Albany, GA on September 23, 1930. He was a prolific, multi-talented singer, pianist, bandleader, and composer who, when on stage captivated his audience not only by his musical ability, but also because he was a blind, African American man. He was given the nickname â€Å"the Genius† for his capability of combining the music of gospel, jazz, pop, country and rhythm and blues (RB), known as â€Å"soul music.† Charles began going blind at around age five, and hadRead MoreRock N Roll Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesmusicians from the African American culture created a new genre of music called â€Å"ragtime† which heavily influenced jazz artists. During the 1920’s jazz was one of the most popular genres and was largely listened to by African Americans (Brackett, 14). An example of a jazz musician that was popular at the time was Jelly Roll Morton, an African American ragtime and, one of the first, early jazz pianists and composers. During the 1920’s the music industry developed a category for African American and ruralRead MoreThe Blues, By Bessie Smith And Billie Holliday1744 Words   |  7 Pagesstyle from the rural Southern African-American origin (â€Å"Jazz in America†, n.d. ). It usually had secular content, which is disparate from how it was when it first began. Blues music originated in plantations, where slaves sung, using it as a mental escape method from their oppression. Even though it started off in a simple way, it eventually turned into a serious entertainment. Bessie Smith and Billie Holliday, two well-known blues female singers, became hit sensations. Blues started in the SouthRead MoreEssay on History of African American Music1267 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought their music. During the next decades, black popular music flourished, developing into several key genres and moving steadily into mainstream American culture† (20). As they did, music began to grow into three obvious styles: ragtime, blues, and jazz. Starting this new era was ragtime. As pianos became common in saloons, clubs, brothels and middle-class homes (Woog 22), ragtime became very popular. Pianos were one of the main instruments, although a piano could have also been accompanied by bongoRead MoreErykah Badu Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pages Erykah Badu (1971-present) When I was younger my mom always played music loud around the house while cleaning up. She kept stacks of cds in the car. Majority of the time we listened to female rb artist. Growing up I was exposed to female singers like Mary J. Blige, Lauryn Hill, and Erykah Badu ect. The song I always enjoyed singing was â€Å"Tyrone† because it’s funny. The live performance for this song is very entertaining too because she’s a great performer and the band is great. Badu is very lyrical

Revised Corporate Finance and Investment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Revised Corporate Finance and Investment. Answer: Introduction: Australia is among the few countries in the world regarded to have a good business environment. It has the most transparent and well-regulated business environments since the state has a stable economy, the high currency of the dollar employed by businesses and even political neutrality are among the reasons encouraging many companies to thrive in Australia. In Australia, various business entities have risen due to these factors for instance companies, trusts, partnerships, sole traders and joint ventures (Australian Bureau of statistics, 2010, p. 3). Australia has a proven economic resilience and stability in growth has provided a more conducive environment for business activities. It is because of the low risks environment provided due to the above-mentioned factors. Also, the country has an open market that is highly competitive and diverse. Hence, enabling many businesses to thrive in the region. In addition, the country is located in rapidly advancing areas of the world which is Asia pacific region, with strong political, trade and economic connections. Studies reveal that Australia is ranked to be the best place globally to run business activities. In addition, the country also has a large sized population that has a capacity of providing adequate labor both skilled and unskilled labor force hence facilitating the thriving of many businesses, an example of the Business in the regard is Qantas Airways (Smith and Paglia,2005, p. 8). In this regard, a strong Australian dollar will reduce the costs denominated in foreign currency. The costs of international currency are in US dollar for instance used in acquiring external spare parts, capacity hire and air craft purchases. They affect all segments of business including domestic, regional and international sectors. Other sections involving the cost of production entails airport charges, navigation of route, and utilization of overseas airspaces and coordination of these offices (Eitenman, David, and Stinehill. 2007, p. 30). Qantas an airway enjoys the benefit of a strong Australian Dollar such that most of the costs are paid in Australian Dollar which in this regard, has the highest rate of the exchange rate. Some of the expenses include those one paid on-road vehicles that are operated by Qantas (Moffete and Stonehill, 2009, p. 5) Currency fluctuation involves a shift in the value of the currency which affects the operation of various businesses either negatively or positively depending whether the change in the money has increased in value or reduced in value. Currency fluctuation has led to rise in the Australian dollar value which has impacted companies like Qantas in a positive way. Reasons being; the Australian dollar is up there in amount in comparison to other currencies. Qantas being in Australia benefits positively in the regard (Bryman and Alan,2003, p. 44). The rise in dollar value affects passengers mix: The total number of passengers in this regard is not affected by the mix of passengers. Rise in cost of Aussie dollar results to many travels from Australia than those coming in Australia. The process is good for the Qantas since the demand segment is strengthened that it has highest befits in revenue penetration. Concerning the issue, the exposure to exchange rate determines critical elements such as fuel price and interest rates which have a direct impact on the way the airway is operated. The leadership has to be guided by these factors in determining the charges subjected to the Qantas basing in mind that at the end of the day, profits have to be realized (Levi and Maurice. 2005, p. 23) The approach targets at converting long-term foreign currency borrowing to a shorter term of between 1 to 12 years. It is done to those currencies in which the company anticipates to have adequate net surplus cash flow. The revenue should be able to meet the actual deposit and debt utilized in the swap. Also, forward foreign exchange contracts are being used to hedge the currency from the foreign states. In the regard, the process has denominated borrowing with those currencies that have chances of creating a reasonable net cash flow. Also, both foreign exchange contracts and currency ways are utilized in the buying and selling of properties and equipment when denominated in a different currency (Sumbart ,2008, p. 18) Qantas as an organization also considers the approach of employing ways such as interest rate swaps, rate agreements, and options in controlling and managing interest rate risk exposure. The methods are utilized accordingly to help in balancing floating interest rates. To control currency risk, the company also has laid down policies that are strictly followed to the latter. It also carries out transactions with many customers from various regions targeting in reduction on the effect of risk in credit exposure. In this regard, studies show that in the year 2005, trade counterparties doubtful debt amounted to $1,027.9 million (Wilson and Alan, 2003, P. 32) Fluctuation on currency has an effect on exchange complexities This is because variations in money affect production of costs such as energy prices the economy at large and its interests rates. It also has a profound effect on revenue effect.it is due to the fact that as long as other home airfares are not adjusted to the standard exchange rate movement the shift will be impacted negatively to the currency of Australia such that it has lowered the Australian Dollar revenue (Frankfort-Nachimas and Chava.2011, p. 32). Despite the fact that doing business outside the country is barricaded by fluctuation in exchange rate, Qantas Airways is not profoundly affected by the issue due to the reason being, the currency in Australia is up there in comparison to other countries' money. Whenever the currency fluctuates, it results to fall in aggregate demand. In summary currency fluctuation in a reduction manner, have a negative impact on the cost of production such that the cost involved in production increases. Currency fluctuations resulting in an appreciation of the currency also impact the operation of a business such that the net exports decreases and also the cost of production are lowered in this process (European Commission, 2000:HTTP/ec.europa.eu). The organization has employed both external and internal approaches to managing the impacts to mitigate the risks. Some of the external methods include the use of: These external approaches are based on the financial derivatives. Organizations in this regard are proactive focusing on the future economic changes that might occur in the process of carrying out their routine activities targeting to realize achievements. They are therefore able to conduct both pre-selling and buying exercise of a given amount of currency at a defined rate in the future to avoid any changes that might occur in future that otherwise could affect the operation of the business. The company in this sense uses the current currency value in carrying out the future business activities hence when the time comes, whether changes have been manifested in the currency of the business or not affected by those changes (Pike and Richard.2013, p. 66). On the other hand, there is the utilization of international strategies in the business. They are used by an organization with the target of minimizing the currency risk group in the organization sphere itself. Companies in this sense have been able to utilize the features of its trading relationships without impacting the external money markets which prove that the process is natural to achieved by the organization. Some of the commonly employed approaches that are external in this regard entail; netting, matching and the choice of invoice currency (Bryman and Alan., 2007, p. 13). Creates unstable position for a business Organization facing sharp fall, are said to be unstable due to the fact that previous sales vary profoundly to the next new sales. In this regard, the sales registered in the next period to fall to a great extent and sharp reduction. In Swire group, studies indicate that the severity of the global economic downturn had a negative influence on Cathay Pacific from the second part of 2001 onwards and, while recently, it has impacted the level of property rentals. In this regard, a high debt of HK$16,756 million has been registered, according to the research conducted. The report on the company further reveals that gearing had also remained low at 22% despite a HK$6,802 million drop when the evaluation of the properties was conducted. Studies show that organizations such as Kiwi Group had the same crisis. In this regard, the organization had reported a net profit of $ 58 million, a large margin drop from the previous year $131 million profit (James, 2005, p. 12). Sharp fall has led to cut costs of production and even loss of jobs. Research also indicated that Qantas underwent a similar crisis which forced the organization to make a significant restructure of systems. The organization was forced to cut 500 jobs and also signaled for the shutting down of some parts of the company. The company encountered a drop of 83% drop in comparison to last year. Hence, need to make adjustments to save the company from collapsing (Gunther, 2010, p. 1). Other companies have been able to offer stiff competition to the Swire group. Swire group is facing stiff competition from Chinese airline due to sharp fall instances by the organization. The organization also has encountered fewer premium class passengers (Steve, 2013, web; HTTP/en.m) Whenever a sharp fall has been registered, there is need to carry out hedging to control more losses from being incurred. Methods in this consideration aim at managing the risks of finances of an organization to minimize the risks. Various approaches are used by different companies as an approach to the issue of hedging. These methods are as discussed below: To begin with, organizations have adopted the strategy of back to back hedging that involves an open position in the business in which the company is immediately closed. The approach is achieved by, for example, purchasing the commodity on the direct market. It is usually utilized in the case. Another approach to hedging is tracker hedging. The method involves a pre-purchase strategy employed by the organization where the open position decreases as the date of closer maturity become closer. An appropriate example is the retail price of the commodity when it is influenced by its longtime wholesale price subjected to it (Elizabeth, Oltheten and Wasp, 2012, p. 353). Thirdly, delta hedging is another approach utilized to mitigate the financial risk of an option. The commodity in this instant is acquired with an inverse price movement. The organization may also employ risk reversal approach that entails buying a call option and releasing a put option. Business may even approach on hedging process by using an investment that targets at decreasing undesired risks through matching of cash flows (Jorion and Philippe, 2009, p. 45). Conclusion To conclude, Swire group in investing in the Qantas will only succeed if adequately managed, dealing with issues to do with currency fluctuations and functional approaches to risk management. Also, the matters to do with hedging need to be put into consideration. Mechanism needs to be put in place to ensure that the organization does not encounter the issue to do with sharp fall that otherwise may result in the collapse of the business. References Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2010, Doing business in Australia. Hong kong: Australi Bureau of statistics. Bryman and Alan. 2004, Managing Risk in international Business Finance. Thomson: Thomson business press. Eitenman, David and Stinehill 2007. Multinational business finance. Thompson south western: Pearson Education. Elizabeth, Oltheten and Wasp. 2012, Financial Markets. New York: Great River technologies.,. European Commission 2008, an organization for economic Development and corporation. Business report. New york European Commision. Frankfort-Nachimas and Chava, 2011, New Research methods in social sciences. New York: S.t Martins press. Gunther, Kalenbock.2010, New Approaches to hedging. Armsterdam: Brill. Jorion and Philippe.2009, Financial Risk manager handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Levi and Maurice. 2005, International finance. New York: Routledge, Moffete, Michael, and Arthur, 2009. Stonehill. Fundamentals of Multinational finance. Boston:Addison-Wesley. Pike and Richard. 2013, Revised Corporate Finance and investment. New York: Prentice hall Smith, Williams, and John. Paglia. 2005, The link between price and profit Margin in the globalmarket. Business Report. New York: The Glozialo Business Report.Steve, Creedy.2013, Qantas to Hike fuel charges. Hongkong: web. Summary, Daniel.2008, Corporate strategies of currency risk management. New york: Changshuschool. Thomas, Ian. 2003, Reseach methods and organizational studies. Unwin Hyman: oxford University press. Wilson and Alan. 2003, Marketing research, an integrated approach to marketing. McGraw Hill:Pearson Education.

Case Study of Gillette Company-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Gillette Company. Answer: This paper aims to discuss the Gillette Company which launched the first blade system in 1998. The Company embraced technology and it introduced the five-blade system to outdo its competitors (Nye, 2016). However, the three-blade system was the significant element of the Gillette Company. Also, the three-blade system was introduced to minimize the irritation which was caused by the three-blade system when shaving. Therefore, the Gillette has its pros and cons in the marketing strategies as discussed in this paper. To begin with the pros, The Gillette embraced a new technology to improve the designs in the market. Through the strategy of embracing new technology Gillette would maintain its customers. The Gillette employed the strategy for success by launching the five-blade system to reduce the irritation caused to the customers when using the product (Dhebar, 2016). The marketing plan for the Gillette became more aggressive when they launched the new products. Therefore, the Gillette made a high profit and tried to outdo its key competitors in the market. On the other hand, the Gillette has cons in the marketing strategies as outlined in this paper. Due to the new technology, the Company was obliged to retrain the staff for them to understand the technology (Barrow Stowers, 2013). At the same time the Gillette minimized the loyalty for the customers hence the market share declined. Also, the aggressive marketing rollout strategy caused the Gillette to incur costs in advertising the products. Also, the Gillette received criticism due to the campaigns held when marketing the products (Stowell, Stowell,Grogan Grogan, 2017). The launching of the Fusion Razor was a significant failure for the Gillette. In conclusion, the Gillette has employed good marketing strategies to help in attracting and maintaining the customers hence increase their satisfaction. Despite the marketing strategies, the Gillette has experienced challenges. However, there are many clients who are satisfied with it References Barrow, C., Stowers, D. (2013).U.S. Patent No. D674,547. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Dhebar, A. (2016). Razor-and-Blades pricing revisited.Business Horizons,59(3), 303-310. Nye, J. V. (2016). What do we really know about durable goods monopolies? The Coase conjecture in economics and its relevance for the safety razor industry. InThe Elgar Companion to Ronald H. Coase(pp. 222-234). Edward Elgar Publishing. Stowell, D. P., Stowell, D. P., Grogan, C. D., Grogan, C. D. (2017). The Best Deal GiIlette Could Get? Procter Gamble's Acquisition of Gillette.Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-18.

Revolution in physics and chemistry

Introduction Chemistry and physics are among the major subjects studied in the world today. Historically, the revolution of science dates back between the 16th and 17th century. Europe is the mother of all scientific revolution for it laid the foundation of innovative and advanced science.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revolution in physics and chemistry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The urge to carry out a series of experiments and research led to the initiation and the ultimate breakthrough of chemical and physical revolution by ancient scientists. The chemical revolution led to different discoveries in chemistry opening doors to other scientific inventions in the medical and industrial setups. The following discussion focuses on the scientific revolution of two main sciences; physics and chemistry and its impact. Revolution in physics Different philosophers contributed to the ideologies in chemistry and p hysics. Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher who first initiated discoveries in physical sciences. The Aristotelian theory describes the earth as the center of gravity and the shape, size, movement or behavior of both living and lifeless objects on the earth’s surface. Additionally, he defines physics as a natural science composed of both living and non-living things. From Aristotle description of the earth as the central attraction of all objects, gravitational theory emerged. In 16th century, Sir Isaac Newton pioneered the discovery of the gravity theory after studying Aristotle’s ideas. Due to the success of the gravitational theory, scientists discovered two other planets, Neptune and Uranus. However, the inability to locate the position hence orbit of Mercury was the main cause of its failure which pushed for a detailed research on gravity. Later corpuscular model by Louis and electromagnetic radiation model by Lorentz explained the law of gravity and emission of electric charges by bodies. Unfortunately, in the 19th century, all the laws became invalid because they violated modern laws on conservation of energy and thermodynamics especially in physics. Although the gravitational theory is no longer applied, its concept has enabled calculation of gravity in the modern science. On the other hand, the impetus theory redefined the physical concept on inertia force as described by Aristotle. The ability of a body to retain its continuous motion despite application of external force underscores the Impetus theory. Similarly, Hipparchan-philoponan theory describes application of force or motion against the gravitational force like throwing of a stone while Avicenna theory describes projectile force. All these ancient theories redefined Aristotle theory, which describes physics in terms of inertia force, impulsive or momentum, and speed (acceleration). Galileo Galilei was a famous physician whose physical invention is still applicable in all mo dern learning institutions. He described and interpreted all experimental facts in physical science leading to the discovery of kinematics as a subject. Therefore, the mechanical and chemical philosophies describe the scientific revolution while Empiricism initiated revolution in physical science.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Revolution in chemistry As the physical revolution was taking part, the chemical revolution was also underway. A number of philosophers and scientist progressively led to the success of chemistry as an area of study. The major scientist who led to success of modern chemistry is Antoine Lavoisier through his presentation of chemical elements. Lavoisier discovered the major elements in chemistry like Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur. This landmark discovery was in line with the invention of oxygen theory which holds that most chemical compounds consist of different e lements and oxygen is the common element among others. Additionally, Lavoisier described the components of water as oxygen and hydrogen on top of discovering that air consists of gases like nitrogen, oxygen and other trace elements. Due to his description of the chemical nomenclature, there was derivation of different chemical compounds like sulfate and sulfuric acid among others. Using the single theory, Lavoisier described chemical balance which opened the way for stipulating origin and derivation of chemical equations in chemistry. Apart from concentrating on chemicals, Lavoisier researched on physical chemistry and thermodynamic laws, which were part of physical science. Lavoisier’s radical theory describes elements and concept of allotropism in elements. The emergence of diamond and carbon are among Lavoisier’s major discoveries. Unfortunately, most of Lavoisier’s discoveries and theories received rejection and criticisms from fellow chemical scientists. Pr iestly, one of the major scientists declined to acknowledge Lavoisier’s work especially the law on conservation of mass. Despite receiving objections, Lavoisier’s experiments are still applicable in the current world especially in the chemical and laboratory practices. Other great contributors to chemical revolution include Jacob Berzelius who besides writing chemistry books, he drew tables on atomic weights. Additionally, Berzelius gave each chemical element a letter or notation for easier identification. Other chemicals like silicon, selenium, lithium, and vanadium were among his discoveries. Luckily, he did not receive opposition from other scientists during his research. However, he opposed the discovery of chlorine in 1810 by Humphry Davy even though, his opposition ended in 1812 after discovery of iodine.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revolution in physics and chemistry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides Berzelius, John Dalton was also a chemistry philosopher who discovered the atomic theory. According to Dalton, all chemical elements are composed of particles called atoms and they can neither be created nor destroyed; they can only undergo chemical reactions (changes). Additionally, Dalton researched on the effect of heat or temperature on gases which led to the principles of pressure and expansion of gases or water evaporation. His research on gases like methane, ethylene, carbon dioxide and nitro oxide initiated the development of atomic theory. The Dalton theory is still applicable in contemporary world taught in scientific learning institutions. In addition, Boyle’s law initiated chemical revolution in the 16th century. Robert Boyle’s research on water expansion (freezing), crystals, electricity and color blindness led to the publication of his book the Sceptical chymist, which forms the foundation of advanced chemistry. He defined chemistry a s a science and not an art by describing composition of all substances in chemistry. Impact of revolution in chemistry and physics The scientific revolution involved research on natural, chemical, and physical sciences. However, most scientists who initiated chemical revolution had knowledge on physics. Therefore, the revolution in chemistry and physics happened at the same time during the 16th and 17th century. Consequently, the chemistry and physical revolution initiated industrial revolution in Europe and other western countries. In comparison, chemistry and physics are similar because they all describe the elements of nature either in the physical or chemical form. Currently, inventions in physics and chemistry are applicable in the medical and industrial industries. Conclusion In a recap, the sixteenth and seventeenth century was the age of renascence which defines scientific revolution. Famous scientists like Aristotle, Boyle, Newton, and Dalton led to scientific revolution. B esides other discoveries like in medicine or psychology, there were tremendous inventions in chemical and physical sciences. In physics, there are different theories, which include gravitational, Avicenna, and impetus among others. The theories in chemical revolution include atomic, Dalton and radical theory among others. All the scientific inventions in physics and chemistry are currently applicable in industries and all learning institutions. However, the works of early scientists like Lavoisier received opposition from fellow chemists or physicists hence obstructing adaptation of their discoveries. Chemical and physical revolution was the foundation of industrial revolution. In addition, most industries in food, medical or machinery base their research on elements of chemistry and physics.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Revolution in physics and chemistry was written and submitted by user Preston Nelson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Prominence of George Washington essays

The Prominence of George Washington essays I believe the most prominent figure in American History was George Washington. His several victories in the American Revolution helped to form American independence and established George Washington as an exceptional general. As the leader of the Constitutional Convention, he was significant in developing our country and government today. Washington led the way for other US presidents to come, by being elected the first president of the United States. George Washington's leadership role in American History not only won the Revolutionary War but also shaped the course of American government. In the course of the American Revolution, George Washington was designated to be the commander-in-chief and the general of the Continental Army. He was noteworthy for his enduring commitment to independence for the colonies and in leading his soldiers to triumph because of his military skill. Washington's great success as a military leader in war gave him respect and made him popular among the people, helping him to be chosen as the leader of the Constitutional Convention. George Washington played a vital part in integrating the states. It was his influence which convinced all of the Americans of the importance of a strong central government with authority over all the states. Not only did George Washington play a crucial part in our government, he lead the way for US presidents to come by serving as the first president of the United States. As the first president of the United States, George Washington helped to form our sturdy country that would some day become a world power. Using his power, he formed the states into a strong union with one central government. Washington knew that his actions would set the model for future presidents to come and he contemplated this when making judgements. George Washington's importance is evident in American History from his wins of our independence to the Revolutionary War. He attain...

Consistent Application of IAS on European on Companies Essay

Consistent Application of IAS on European on Companies - Essay Example The Europe Union has been aiming to have an efficient capital market (Toporowski, 2000; Davis, 1997; Dermine and Hillion, 1999) for its Member States through an efficient and effective financial information system in a transparent European capital market even prior to the Enron scandal in 2002.   The subsequent US scandals in securities market may have triggered the early adoption of IAS in 2002 to require its application to all listed companies in Europe as of 2005. For EU, the issue of efficient capital market is of course broader than the issue of these international standards. Attainment of EU’s purpose therefore under this field is part of its desire for economic advantages (Carroll, Thomas, 1983; Slavin, 1996; Samuelson and Nordhaus, 1992)   of its   member states in the global economy as it hastens its economic integration (Graetz, et. al, 2006; Halkos and Salamouris, 2003, European Economic Integration, 1994). The Enron scandal cannot be separated from the failur e of the US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) on financial reporting (Choi and Fisch, 2003) that became the basis for the European Union (EU) members to be unable to find their trust on said accounting rules and conventions.   Persuading the US to change its GAAP with the IAS due to ineffectiveness of the former in the Enron scandal is part of the process. With European Commission having urged the SEC to adopt IAS in February 2002, an overwhelming adoption of the IAS by European Parliament in March 13, 2002 was evident by a vote of 492 for, 5 against and 29 abstentions. The European Parliament endorsed the Commission’s proposal for all EU listed companies to follow standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board in their consolidated financial statements not latter than 2005.   Non-listed companies on the other hand were permitted to decide whether to adopt IAS. Member States were also given the option to exempt some companies temporarily fr om IAS requirement under some cases until 2007. The option is only available in the case listed companies in the EU and in on a non-EU exchange and are following another set of internationally accepted standards and in the case of   companies that have only publicly traded debt securities (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 2008e).